UPSC CSAT PASSAGE 02

A bat's wings may look like sheets of skin. But underneath, a bat has the same five fingers as an orangutan or a human, as well as a wrist connected to the same cluster of wrist bones connected to the same long bones of the arm. What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the-paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the some pattern?

Which one of the following is the most logical, scientific and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?

(a) Different species having similar structure of hands is an example of biodiversity.

(b) Limbs being used by different species for different kinds of work is an example of biodiversity.

(c) Man and the aforementioned animals having similar structure of limbs is an example of coincidence in evolution.

(d) Man and the aforementioned animals have a shared evolutionary history.

Answer:

UPSC CSAT Passage - 1

Around 56 million years ago, the Atlantic Ocean had not fully opened and animals, perhaps including our primate ancestors, could walk from Asia to North America through Europe and across Greenland. Earth was warmer than it is today, but as the Palaeocene epoch gave way to Eocene, it was about to get much warmer still —rapidly and radically. The cause was a massive geologically sudden release of carbon. During this period called Palaeocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum or PETM, the carbon injected into the atmosphere was roughly the amount that Would be injected today if humans burned all the Earth's reserves of coal, oil and natural gas. The PETM lasted for about 1,50,000 years, until the excess carbon was reabsorbed. It brought on drought, floods, insect plagues and a few extinctions. Life on Earth survived — indeed, it prospered — but it was drastically different.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :

1. Global warming has a bearing on the planet's biological evolution.

2. Separation of land masses causes the release of huge quantities of carbon into the atmosphere.

3. Increased warming of Earth's atmosphere can change the composition of its flora and fauna.

4. The present man-made global warming will finally lead to conditions similar to those which happened 56 million years ago.

Which of the assumptions given above are valid ?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 3 and 4

(c) 1 and 3

(d) 2 and 4

Answer

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