UPSC CSAT 2017 DAILY PRACTICE TEST 01

Passage-I

He walked several miles that day but could not get anything to eat or drink except some dry bread and some water, which he got from cottagers and farmers. As night fell, he slept under a haystack lying in a meadow. He felt frightened at first, for the wind blew awfully over the empty fields. He felt cold and hungry, and was feeling more lonely than he had ever felt before. He, however, soon fell asleep, being much tired with his long walk. When he got up next day he was feeling terribly hungry so he purchased a loaf of bread with a few coins that he had.

1. When the night fell, he slept

(a) In the open field

(b) Under a pile of dry Grass

(c) In a farmer’s cottage

(d) Under a tree

2. He soon fell asleep because

(a) He was exhausted

(b) He was all alone

(c) He had not slept for days

(d) He was very frightened 

3. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:

1. He was walking through the countryside.

2. The cottagers and farmers gave his enough food so that he could sleep at night without feeling hungry.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 

ANSWERS:

RC PASSAGE FOR UPSC CSAT 2017 PRACTICE TEST FREE DOWNLOAD

Directions for the following 5 (five) items: 

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only. 

Passage 

Now India’s children have a right to receive at least eight years of education, the gnawing question is whether it will remain on paper or become a reality. One hardly needs a reminder that this right is different from the others enshrined in the Constitution, that the beneficiary- a six year old child cannot demand it, nor can she or he fight a legal battle when the right is denied or violated. In all cases, it is the adult society which must act on behalf of the child. In another peculiarity, where a child’s right to education is denied, no compensation offered later can be adequate or relevant. This is so because childhood does not last. If legal battle fought on behalf of a child is eventually won, it may be of little use to the boy or girl because the opportunity missed at school during childhood cannot serve the same purpose later in life. This may be painfully true for girls because our society permits them only a short childhood, if at all. The Right to Education (RTE) has become law at a point in India’s history when the ghastly practice of female infanticide has resurfaced in the form of foeticide. This is “symptomatic of a deeper turmoil” in society which is compounding the traditional obstacles to the education of girls. Tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls runs across our cultural diversity and the systems of education has not been able to address it.  

1. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:

1. When children are denied education, adult society does not act on behalf of them.

2. Right to Education as a law cannot be enforced in the country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

2. According to the passage, what could be the traditional obstacles to the education of girls?

1. Inability of parents to fight a legal battle when the right to Educatio is denied to their children.

2. The traditional way of thinking about girls’ role in society.

3. The prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls.

4. Improper system of education.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2, 3 and 4 only

(c) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

3. On the basis of the passage, consider the following statements:

1. Right to education is a legal right and not a fundamental right.

2. For realizing the goal of universal education, the education system in the country must be made identical to that of developed countries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

4. Which one of the following statements conveys the key message of the passage?

(a) Indian has declared that education is compulsory for its children.

(b) Adult society is not keen on implementing the right to education.

(c) The right to education, particularly of a girl child, needs to be safeguarded.

(d) The system of education should address the issue of Right to Education.

5. Which one of the following statements conveys the inference of the passage?

(a) The society has a tenacious prejudice against the intellectual potential of girls.

(b) Adult cannot be relied upon to fight on behalf of children for their right to education.

(c) The legal fight to get education for children is often protracted and prohibitive.

(d) There is no sufficient substitute for education received in childhood. 

ANSWERS:

RC UPSC CSAT 2017 PRACTICE PASSAGE - ENVIRONMENT

Passage 

A species that exerts an influence out of proportion to its abundance in an ecosystem is called a keystone species. The keystone species may influence both the species richness of communities and the flow of energy and materials through ecosystems., The sea satr Pisaster ochraceus, which lives in rocky intertidal ecosystems on the Pacific coast of North America, is also an example of a keystone specie. Its preferred prey is the mussel Mytilus californianus In the absence of sea stars, these mussels crowd out other competitors in a broad belt of the intertidal zone. By consuming mussels, sea star creates bare spaces that are taken over by a variety of other species. 

A study at the University of Washington demonstrated the influence of Pisaster on species richness by removing sea stars from selected parts of the intertidal zone repeatedly over a period of five years. Two major changes occurred in the areas form which sea stars were removed. First, the lower edge of the mussel bed extended farther down into the intertidal zone, showing that sea stars are able to eliminate mussels completely where they are covered with water most of the time. Second, and more dramatically 28 species of animals and algae disappeared from the sea star removal zone. Eventually only Mytilus, the dominant competitor, occupied the entire substratum. Through its effect on competitive relationships, predation by Pisaster largely determines which species live in these rocky intertidal ecosystems. 

1. What is the crux of the passage?

(a) Sea star has a preferred prey.

(b) A preferred prey determines the survival of a keystone species.

(c) Keystone species ensures species diversity.

(d) Sea star is the only keystone species on the Pacific coast of North America.

2. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:

1. Mussels are generally the dominant species in intertidal ecosystems.

2. The survival of sea stars is generally determined by the abundance of mussels.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 

3. Which of the following is/are implied by the passage?

1. Mussels are always hare competitors for sea stars.

2. Sea stars of the Pacific coast have reached the climax of their evolution.

3. Sea stars constitute an important component in the energy flow in intertidal ecosystem.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(c) 1 and 3

(d) 3 only

4. Consider the following assumptions:

1. The food chains/food web in an ecosystem are influenced by keystone species.

2. The presence of keystone species is a specific characteristic of aquatic ecosystems.

3. If the keystone species is completely removed from an ecosystem, it with lead to the collapse of the ecosystem.

With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

ANSWERS:

UPSC CSAT 2017 PASSAGE PRACTICE 02

Directions for the following 3 (THREE) items: 

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only

A country under foreign domination seeks escape from the present in dreams of a vanished age, and finds consolation in visions of past greatness. That is a foolish and dangerous pastime in which many of us indulge. An equally questionable practice for us in India is to imagine that we are still spiritually great though we have come down in the world in other respects. Spiritual or any other greatness cannot be founded on lack of freedom and opportunity, or on starvation and misery. Many western writers have encouraged that notion that Indians are other-worldly. I suppose the poor and unfortunate in every country become to some extent other-worldly, unless they become revolutionaries, for this world is evidently not meant for them. So also subject peoples. 

As a man grows to maturity he is not entirely engrossed in, or satisfied with, the external objective world. He seeks also some inner meaning, some psychological and physical satisfactions. So also with peoples and civilizations as they mature and grow adult. Every civilization and every people exhibit these parallel streams of an external life and an internal life. Where they meet or keep close to each other, there is an equilibrium and stability. When they diverge conflict arises and the crises that torture the mind and spirit.

1. The passage mentions that “this world is evidently not meant for them”. It refers to people who

1. Seek freedom from foreign domination.

2. Live in starvation and misery.

3. Become revolutionaries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 3 only

2. Consider the following assumptions:

1. A country under foreign domination cannot indulge in spiritual pursuit

2. Poverty is an impediment in the spiritual pursuit.

3. Subject peoples may become other-worldly.

With reference to the passage, which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 3 only

3. The passage thematically centers on

(a) The state of mind of oppressed people

(b) Starvation and misery

(c) The growth of civilization

(d) Body, mind and spirit of people in general 

ANSWERS:

RC UPSC CSAT 2017 PRACTICE 01

A moral act must be our own act; must spring from our own will. If we act mechanically, there is no moral content in our act. Such action would be moral, if we think it proper to act like a machine and dos so. For, in doing so, we use our discrimination. We should bear in mind the distinction between acting mechanically and acting intentionally. It may be moral of a king to pardon a culprit. But the messenger carrying out the order of pardon plays only a mechanical part in the king’s moral act. But if the messenger were to carry out king’s order considering it to be his duty, his action would be a moral one. How can a man understand morality who does not use his own intelligence and power of thought, but lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current? Sometimes a man defies convention and acts on his own with a view to absolute good.

4. Which of the following statements best describe/describes the thought of the writer?

1. A moral act calls for using our discretion.

2. Man should react to a situation immediately.

3. Man must do his duty.

4. Man should be able to defy convention in order to be moral.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 1 and 4

5. Which of the following statements is the nearest definition of moral action, according to the writer?

(a) It is a mechanical action based on official orders from superiors.

(b) It is an action based on our sense of discretion.

(c) It is a clever action based on the clarity of purpose.

(d) It is a religious action based on understanding.

6. The passage contains a statement “lets himself be swept along like a log of wood by a current.” Among the following statements, which is/are nearest in meaning to this?

1. A person does not use his own reason.

2. He is susceptible to influence/pressure.

3. He cannot withstand difficulties/challenges.

4. He is like a log of wood

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 1 and 4 

ANSWERS :

RC UPSC CSAT 2017 PRACTICE

Directions for the following 6 (six) items: 

Read each of the following two passages and answer to these items that follow. Your answers to items should be based on the passages only. 

Ecosystems provide people with a variety of goods and services; food, clean water, clean air, flood control, soil stabilization, pollination, climate regulation, spiritual fulfillment and aesthetic enjoyment, to name just a few. Most of these benefits either are irreplaceable or the technology necessary to replace them is prohibitively expensive. For example, potable fresh water can be provided by desalinating sea-water, but only at great cost. 

The rapidly expanding human their increased requirements of some of the goods and services, particularly food, fresh water, timber, fibre and fuel. These modifications have contributed substantia economic development. The benefits have not been equally distributed. Some people have actually been harmed by these changes. Moreover, short goods and services have come at the cost of the long efforts to increase the production of food and fibre have decreased the ecosystems to provide clean water, regulate flooding and support biodiversity.

1 . With reference to the passage, consider the following statements.

Expanding human population has an adverse effect on :

1. Spiritual fulfillment

2. Aesthetic enjoyment

3. Potable fresh water

4. Production of food and fibre

5. Biodiversity

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 2, 4 and 5 only

(c) 3 and 5 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

2. The passage mentions that “some people have actually been harmed by these changes”. What does it imply?

1. The rapid expansion of population has adversely affected some people.

2. Sufficient efforts have not been made to increase the production of food and fibre.

3. In the short term some people may be harmed, but in the long term everyone will benefit from modifications in the Earth’s ecosystems.

Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2

(c) 1 and 3

(d) None of the statements given above

3. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:

1. It is imperative to modify the Earth’s ecosystems for the well being of mankind.

2. Technology can never replace all the goods and services provided by ecosystems.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 Only

(b) 2 Only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 

Answers :

Reading Comprehension Passage Practice for UPSC CSAT 2017-2018

Directions for the following 7 (seven) items : Read the following four passages and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

 Passage – 1

India has suffered from persistent high inflation. Increase in administered prices, demand and supply imbalances, imported inflation aggravated by rupee depreciation, and speculation – have combined to keep high inflation going. If there is an element common to all of them, it is that many of them are the outcomes of economic reforms. India’s vulnerability to the effects of changes in international prices has increased with trade liberalisation. The effort to reduce subsidies has resulted in a continuous increase in the prices of commodities that are administered.

1. What is the most logical, rational and crucial message that is implied in the above passage?

(a) Under the present circumstances, India should completely avoid all trade liberalisation policies and all subsidies.

(b) Due to its peculiar socio-economic situation, India is not yet ready for trade liberalisation process. 

(c) There is no solution in sight for the problems of continuing poverty and inflation in India in the near future.

(d) Economic reforms can often create a high inflation economy.

Passage – 2 

No Right is absolute, exclusive or inviolable. The Right of personal property, similarly, has to be perceived in the larger context of its assumed legitimacy. The Right of personal property should unite the principle of liberty with that of equality, and both with the principle of cooperation.

2. In the light of the argument in the above passage, which one of the following statements is the most convincing explanation?

(a) The Right of personal property is a Natural Right duly supported by statutes and scriptures.

(b) Personal property is a theft and an instrument of exploitation. The Right of personal property is therefore violative of economic justice.

(c) The Right of personal property is violative of distributive justice and negates the principle of cooperation.

(d) The comprehensive idea of economic justice demands that the Right of each person to acquisition of property has to be reconciled with that of others.

Passage – 3

The conflict between man and State is as old as State history. Although attempts have been made for centuries to bring abouta proper adjustment between the competing claims of State and the individual, the solution seems to be still far off. This is primarily because of the dynamic nature of human society where old values and ideas constantly yield place to new ones. It is obvious that if individuals are allowed to have absolute freedom of speech and action, the result would be chaos, ruin and anarchy.

3. The author’s viewpoint can be best summed up, in which of the following statements?

(a) The conflict between the claims of State and individual remains unresolved.

(b) Anarchy and chaos are the obvious results of democratic traditions.

(c) Old values, ideas and traditions persist despite the dynamic nature of human society.

(d) Constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech is not in the interest of society.

Passage – 4 

Climate change is a complex policy issue with major implications in terms of finance. All actions to address climate change ultimately involve costs. Funding is vital for countries like India to design and implement adaptation and mitigation plans and projects. Lack of funding is a large impediment to implementing adaptation plans. The scale and magnitude of the financial support required by developing countries to enhance their domestic mitigation and adaptation actions are a matter of intense debate in the multilateral negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention squarely puts the responsibility for provision of financial support on the developed countries, taking into account their contribution to the stock of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Given the magnitude of the task and the funds required, domestic finances are likely to fall short of the current and projected needs of the developing countries. Global funding through the multilateral mechanism of the Convention will enhance their domestic capacity to finance the mitigation efforts.

4. According to the passage, which of the following is/are a matter of intense debate in the multilateral negotiations under UNFCCC regarding the role of developing countries in climate change?

1. The scale and size of required financial support.

2. The crop loss due to climate change in the developing countries. 

3. To enhance the mitigation and adaptation actions in the developing countries.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

5. In this passage, the Convention puts the responsibility for the provision of financial support on the developed countries because of :

1. their higher level of per capita incomes.

2. their large quantum of GDP.

3. their large contribution to the stock of (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(c) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

6. With regards to developing countries, it can be inferred from the passage that climate change is likely to have implications on their

1. domestic finances

2. capacity for multilateral trade Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

7. Which one of the following is essentially discussed in the passage?

(a) Conflict between developed and developing countries regarding support for mitigation.

(b) Occurrence of climate change due to excessive exploitation of natural resources by the developed countries.

(c) Lack of political will on the part of all the countries to implement adaptation plans.

(d) Governance problems of developing countries as a result of climate change.

Answers : 

UPSC CSAT DECISION MAKING QUESTION 2017

Directions for the following 8 (eight) items:

Given below are eight items. Each item describes a situation and is followed by four possible responses. Indicate the response you find most appropriate. Choose only one response for each item. The responses will be evaluated based on the level of appropriateness for the given situation. 

Please attempt all the items. There is not penalty for wrong answers for these eight items.

1. You have been asked to give an explanation for not attending and important official meeting. Your immediate boss who has not informed you about the meeting is now putting pressure on you not to place an allegation against him/her. You would

(a) Send a written reply explaining the fact.

(b) Seek and appointment with the top boss to explain the situation.

(c) Admit your fault to save the situation.

(d) Put the responsibility on the coordinator of the meeting for not informing 

2. A local thug (bad element) has started illegal construction on your vacant plot. He has refused your request to vacate and threatened you of dire consequences in case you do not sell the property at a cheap price to him. You would

(a) Sell the property at a cheap price to him.

(b) Go to the police for necessary action.

(c) Ask for help from your neighbours.

(d) Negotiate with the goon to get a higher price.

3. You have to accomplish a very important task for your Headquarters within the next two days. Suddenly you meet with an accident. Your office insists that you complete the task. You would

(a) Ask for an extension of deadline.

(b) Inform Headquarters of your inability to finish on time.

(c) Suggest alternate person to Headquarters, who may do the needful.

(d) Stay away till you recover.

4. You are an officer –in-charge for providing basic medical facilities to the survivors of an earthquake affected area. Despite your best possible effort, people put allegations against your for making money out of the funds given for relief. You would

(a) Let an enquiry be set up to look into the matter

(b) Ask your senior to appoint some other person in your place.

(c) Not play attention to allegations.

(d) Stop undertaking any initiative till the matter is resolved.

5. You have been made responsible to her boats at a short notice to be used for an area under flood. On seen the price mentioned by the boat owners you found that the lowest price was approximately three times more than the approved rate of the Government. You would

(a) Reject the proposal and call for a fresh price.

(b) Accept the lowest price.

(c) Refer the matter to the Government and wait.

(d) Threaten the boat owners about a possible cancellation of the license.

6. You are the officer-in-charge of a village administering distribution of vaccine in an isolated epidemic hit village, and you are left with only one vaccine. There is a requirement of that vaccine form the Gram Pradhan and also a poor villager. You are being pressurized by the Gram Pradhan to issue the vaccine to him. You would

(a) Initiate the procedure to expedite the next supply without issuing the vaccine to either.

(b) Arrange vaccine for the poor villager from the distributor of another area.

(c) Ask both to approach a doctor and get an input about the urgency.

(d) Arrange vaccine for the Gram Pradhan form the distributor of another area. 

7. You have taken up a project to create night-shelters for homeless people during the winter season. Within a week of establishing the shelters, you have received complaints from the residents of the area about the increase in theft cases with a demand to remove the shelters. You would

(a) Ask them to lodge a written complaint in the police station.

(b) Assure residents of an enquiry into the matter.

(c) Ask residents to consider the humanitarian effort made.

(d) Continue with the project and ignore their complaint.

8. You, as an administrative authority, have been approached, by the daughter-in-law of an influential person regarding harassment by her in-laws on account of insufficient dowry. Her parents are not able to approach you because of social pressures. You would

(a) Call the in-laws for an explanation.

(b) Counsel the lady to adjust given such a circumstance.

(c) Take action after her parents approach you.

(d) Ask her to lodge a complaint with the police. 

ANSWERS : 

UPSC CSAT 2017 PASSAGE 01

For achieving inclusive growth there is critical need to rethink the role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Government can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that needed. Asking the Government to produce all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. 

The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. 

This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minima interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate nutrition and food.

1. According to the passage:

1. The objective of inclusive growth was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation.

2. Need of the hour is to have an enabling Government.

3. The Government should engage in maximum interference in market processes.

4. There is a need to change the size of the Government.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

2. According to the passage, the strategy of inclusive growth can be effected by focusing on

(a) Meeting all the needs of every citizen in the country.

(b) Increasing the regulations over the manufacturing sector.

(c) Controlling the distribution of manufactured goods.

(d) Delivery of the basic services to the deprived sections of the society. 

3. What constitutes an enabling Government?

1. A large bureaucracy.

2. Implementation of welfare programmes through representatives.

3. Creating an ethos that helps individual enterprise.

4. Providing resources to those who are underprivileged.

5. Offering direct help to the poor regarding basic services.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 4 and 5 only

(c) 3, 4 and 5 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

4. Why is the State unable to deliver “ all that is needed”?

1. It does not have sufficient bureaucracy.

2. It does not promote inclusive growth.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

5. What is the essential message being conveyed by the author of the passage?

(a) The objectives of inclusive growth laid down by the founding fathers of the nation should be remembered.

(b) The Government needs to make available more schools and health services.

(c) The Government needs to establish markets and industries to meet the needs of the poor strata of the society.

(d) There is a need to rethink the role of the State in achieving inclusive growth.

Answer : 

Reading Comprehension Passage 2017

The concept of ‘creative society’ refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilized and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women’s movements in the developing countries are sings of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country.

1. What does the author imply by “creative society”? 

1. A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seek incentive. 

2. A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm. 

3. A society where a large number of contradictions are recognised. 

4. A society where the exploited and the oppressed groups grow conscious of their human rights and upliftment. 

Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 

(a) 1, 2 and 3 

(b) 4 only 

(c) 3 and 4 

(d) 2 and 4  

2. What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movements?

1. Aggressiveness and being incendiary.
2. Instigation by external forces.
3. Quest for social equality and individual freedom.
4. Urge for granting privileges and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 

3. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:

1. To be a creative society, it is essential to have a variety of social movements.
2. To be a creative society, it is imperative to have potential contradictions and conflicts.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 

4. Consider the following three statements:

1. Only students can participate in the race.
2. Some participants in the race are girls.
3. All girl participants in the race are invited for coaching.

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?
(a) All participants in the race are invited for coaching.
(b) All students are invited for coaching
(c) All participants in the race are students.
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct 

Answer :