Resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
On March 18, 2025, Armenia and Azerbaijan finalized the text of a peace agreement, marking a significant step towards ending the long-standing hostilities over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.
Background of the Conflict:
During the Soviet era, Nagorno-Karabakh was an autonomous region within Muslim-majority Azerbaijan. However, its ethnic Armenian (Christian) population sought to unify with Armenia. Following the collapse of the USSR, tensions escalated into a full-scale war (1988–1994). The war ended in a 1994 ceasefire, leaving Nagorno-Karabakh under Armenian-backed control, although it was internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan.
Key Conflicts:
- First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994): Armenia gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding Azerbaijani territories.
- Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020): Azerbaijan recaptured significant portions of the region.
- Azerbaijani Offensive (2023): Azerbaijan regained full control of the region in a one-day military operation, leading to the dissolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave. Over 100,000 people, nearly the entire population of Nagorno-Karabakh, fled to Armenia.
India has maintained a neutral stance in the conflict but advocates for a diplomatic resolution through the OSCE Minsk Group. Both Armenia and Azerbaijan are also participants in the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a significant initiative for India’s trade routes.
On March 18, 2025, Armenia and Azerbaijan finalized the text of a peace agreement, marking a significant step towards ending the long-standing hostilities over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.
Background of the Conflict:
During the Soviet era, Nagorno-Karabakh was an autonomous region within Muslim-majority Azerbaijan. However, its ethnic Armenian (Christian) population sought to unify with Armenia. Following the collapse of the USSR, tensions escalated into a full-scale war (1988–1994). The war ended in a 1994 ceasefire, leaving Nagorno-Karabakh under Armenian-backed control, although it was internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan.
Key Conflicts:
- First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994): Armenia gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding Azerbaijani territories.
- Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020): Azerbaijan recaptured significant portions of the region.
- Azerbaijani Offensive (2023): Azerbaijan regained full control of the region in a one-day military operation, leading to the dissolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave. Over 100,000 people, nearly the entire population of Nagorno-Karabakh, fled to Armenia.
India has maintained a neutral stance in the conflict but advocates for a diplomatic resolution through the OSCE Minsk Group. Both Armenia and Azerbaijan are also participants in the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a significant initiative for India’s trade routes.
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