The General Science syllabus for the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) primarily includes three key areas: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. The questions in the examination assess candidates' understanding of basic concepts, current developments, and their ability to apply scientific knowledge to real-world situations. Here's a general breakdown of the topics typically included:
1. Physics
- General Science and Technology: Basic concepts and principles, with an emphasis on current developments in the field of science and technology.
- Mechanics: Laws of motion, work, energy, and power; gravitation; fluid mechanics.
- Thermodynamics: Heat and temperature, laws of thermodynamics, applications in engines.
- Electromagnetism: Electric fields, circuits, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic waves.
- Optics: Reflection, refraction, lenses, and optical instruments.
- Modern Physics: Atomic structure, nuclear physics, radioactivity, lasers, and their applications.
- Basic Electronics: Semiconductor devices, transistors, diodes, and digital electronics.
2. Chemistry
- General Chemistry: Basic concepts, atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, periodic table.
- Inorganic Chemistry: Properties of elements, chemical bonding, transition elements, metallurgy.
- Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons, functional groups, reactions and mechanisms, polymers, biochemistry basics.
- Physical Chemistry: States of matter, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, equilibrium, acids and bases, electrochemistry.
- Environmental Chemistry: Water, air, and soil pollution, green chemistry, and waste management.
3. Biology
- Cell Biology: Structure and function of cells, cell division, cell communication.
- Genetics: Heredity, mutations, gene structure, DNA replication, biotechnology, and applications.
- Human Physiology: The structure and function of human organs, systems (nervous, digestive, circulatory, respiratory), and disorders.
- Ecology: Ecosystems, biodiversity, environmental issues, conservation, and sustainable development.
- Health & Diseases: Common diseases, their causes, prevention, and treatment; immunology; vaccination.
- Evolution: Theory of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, and human evolution.
4. Science and Technology Developments
- Science and Technology in India: Contributions of Indian scientists, technological innovations, space research, biotechnology, and advancements in fields like robotics and AI.
- Science for Human Welfare: Applications of science in agriculture, industry, energy, and healthcare.
- Current Affairs: Emerging issues in the fields of biotechnology, environmental science, space technology, and others.
This is a general overview, and while UPSC tends to focus on the conceptual understanding of these topics, they also include questions on how science and technology intersect with governance, society, and ethics. The emphasis may vary slightly each year based on current events and trends.
Tags :
No comments:
Post a Comment