The greens’ success has clear policy implications,
especially on issue of nuclear power, ecological tax reform, and citizenship
rights. But success also has implications for green parties’ themselves. Greens
have always faced a unique ‘strategic conundrum’ arising from their radical
alternative politics with participation in most green parties shed their radical
cloth in an attempt to recapture votes, even at the expense of green arty unity
and purity. Most were rewarded with electoral success well beyond what had been
imaginable in the 1980 s. the price to pay has been tortured internal debates
about strategy, and now questions about green party identity and purpose.
Today the key questions facing green parties revolve around
not whether to embrace power, but what to do with it. More specifically, green
parties face three new challenges in the new millennium: first how to carve out
a policy niche as established parties and governments become wiser to green
demands, and as green concerns themselves appear more mainstream. Second, how
to take green ideas beyond the confines of rich industrialized states into
Eastern Europe and the developing world where green parties remain marginal and
environmental problems acute.
Third, how to ensure that the broader role of green parties
– as consciousness raisers, agitators, conscience of parliament and politics-
is not sacrificed on the altar of electoral success. Green parties have come a
long way since their emergence and development in the 1970 s and 1980s. They
have become established players able to shape party competition, government
formation, and government policy. But this very ‘establishment’ carries risks
for a party whose core values and identities depend mightily on their ability
to challenge the conventional order, to agitate and to annoy. For most green
parties, the greatest fear is not electoral decline so much as the prospect of
becoming a party with parliamentary platform, ministerial voice, but nothing
new to say.
1.
Which out of the following is closest in meaning
to the first of three challenges mentioned in the paragraph?
A.
Niche of green parties is being eroded by
mainstream parties.
B.
Green parties are finding it difficult to find
new strategy.
C.
Green parties have become stronger over a period
of time.
D.
Some green parties are becoming grey.
2.
Which of the following is the important point
that the author highlights?
A.
Challenges before green parties to change their
strategy from green activism to green governance
B.
How should green parties win confidence and
support of governments?
C.
Transformation of green parties in recent
decades,
D.
Green movement is not strong in developing
countries.
3.
How best cam mainstream political parties, in
India, keep green parties at bay?
A.
By imposing green tax
B.
By allow carbon trading
C.
By including green agenda in their governance
D.
By hiring Al Gore, the Nobel prize winner, as an
ambassador.
Answer:
1.
A The first challenge for the green parties
is spelt out in lines 11-12 ‘how to carve out a policy niche as established
parties and governments become wiser to green demands.’ Option A is closest in
meaning to this.
2.
A
Option A is the right answer. It is backed by line 1 (the greens’
success has clear policy implications…) line 10 (… not whether to embrace
power, but what to do with it) and the concluding lines.
3.
C the
passage says’. Established parties and governments
becomes wiser to green demands, ‘green concerns… appear more mainstream’
and of green parties having ‘nothing new
to say’ in view of this, option C is the best answer
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