An upsurge of new research suggests that animals have a much
higher level of brainpower than previously though. If animals do have intelligence,
how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists
defined what not intelligence is. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill
programmed into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is
also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real
thinking is involved. Cuing in which animals learn to do or not to do certain
things by following outside signals does not demonstrate intelligence.
Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools, and communication
suing human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of
animals.
When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for
insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young
gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about
the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid, and then climbed
on them to reach her reward. The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new
problem without trial and error.
The ability to use tools is also an important sign of
intelligence. Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits
intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. Likewise otters use
rocks to crack open crab shells in order to get at the meat. In a series of
complex moves, chimpanzees have been known to use sticks and stalks in order to
get at favourite snack- termites. To make and use a termite tool, a chimp first
selects just the right stalk or twig. He trims and shapes the stick, then finds
the entrance to a termite mound. White inserting the stick carefully into the
entrance, the chimpanzee turns it skifully to fit the inner tunnels. The chimp
attracts the insects by shaking the twig. Then I pull the out without scraping off
nay termites. Finally, he uses his lips to skim the termites into his mouth.
Many animals have learned to communicate using human
language. Some primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language. One
chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a
keyboard. These symbols represent human words. An amazing parrot can
distinguish five objects of two different types. He can understand the
difference between the number, colour, and kind of object. The ability to
classify is a basic thinking skill. He seems to sue language to express his
needs and emotions. When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first
overnight stay, this parrot turned to go. “Come here”! He cried to a scientist
who works with him. “I love you. I’m sorry. Wanna go back?”
The researches on animal intelligence raise important
questions. If animal are smarter than one thought. Would that change the way
humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or
survival? Would animals still be used for food? Clothing or medical
experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult
puzzle even for a large- brained, problem – solving species like our own.
16.
Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks.
Which of the following is the kind of intelligence or conditioning the
situation describes?
A.
Rote learning
B.
Tools
C.
Communication
D.
Instinct
17.
The underlined word upsurge, as it is used in
the first paragraph of the passage, most nearly means.
A.
An increasingly large amount
B.
A decreasing amount
C.
A well-known amount
D.
An immeasurable amount.
18.
The concluding paragraph of this passage infers
which of the following?
A.
There is no definitive line between those
animals with intelligence and those without
B.
Animals are being given opportunities to display
their intelligence
C.
Research showing higher animal intelligence may
fuel debate on ethics and cruelty
D.
Animals are capable of untrained though well
beyond mere instinct
19.
According to the passage, which of the following
is true about animals communicating through the use of human language?
A.
Parrots can imitate r repeat a sound
B.
Dolphins click and whistle
C.
Crows screech warnings to other crows
D.
Chimpanzees and gorilla have been trained to use
sign language or geometric shapes that stand for words.
20.
In paragraph 3, what conclusion can be reached
about the chimpanzee’s ability to use a tool?
A.
It illustrates high intelligence because he is
able to get food and eat it
B.
It illustrates instinct because he faced difficult task and accomplished it
C.
It illustrates high intelligence because he
stored knowledge away and called it up
at the right time
D.
It illustrates high intelligence because
termites are protein- packed
21.
Which of the following is NOT a sign of animal
intelligence?
A.
Shows insight
B.
Cues
C.
Uses tools
D.
Makes a plan
Answer:
16.
A the
crow is using the stick as a tool to assist it in getting food.
17.
B in the
first paragraph, upsurge (a swelling of the ocean) is used as an analogy to
illustrate the large and increasing amount of research in animal intelligence.
18.
A The
questions in this paragraph ask the reader to consider the use of animals in
our world and questions whether knowing that they have more intelligence than
previously thought might make a difference in human treatment of them.
19.
C This
choice is the only one that shows animals using human language.
20.
D
Although each conclusion is an example of some intelligence, the most
accurate conclusion the reader should make is that this action shows high
intelligence. The complexity of what the chimpanzee is doing to get his food
and the many thinking activities he must
accomplish in order to realize his goal of getting the termites – learning a
new skill, selecting and shaping a tool, remembering stored knowledge, using the
correct knowledge in order to take proper action for the situation- shows
intelligence.
21.
B refers
to the first paragraph –cuing is NOT a sign of Intelligence.
what is the title of this paragraph
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